People

They also burnt a soldier's Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 3:45:29 +0000
Throughout theofficial part of the ceremony a reverential spirit prevailed; a few rashwords were, however, uttered against promise-breaking kings, and some ofthe hardier spirits took advantage of the bonfire to consign to the flames,in imitation of Luther's dealing with the Pope's Bull, a quantity of whatthey deemed un-German and illiberal writings. Among these was Schmalz'spamphlet. They also burnt a soldier's strait-jacket, a pigtail, and acorporal's cane, emblems of the military brutalism of past times which werenow being revived in Westphalia.

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The King of Prussia sent Hardenberg Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 3:56:36 +0000
[279] Insignificant as the whole affairwas, it excited a singular alarm not only in Germany but at foreign Courts.Richelieu wrote from Paris to inquire whether revolution was breaking out.The King of Prussia sent Hardenberg to Weimar to make investigations on thespot.

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Its further effects became only Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:08:43 +0000
Metternich, who saw conspiracy and revolution everywhere and ineverything, congratulated himself that his less sagacious neighbours wereat length awakening to their danger. The first result of the Wartburgscandal was that the Duke of Weimar had to curtail the liberties of hissubjects. Its further effects became only too evident as time went on.

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In the interval a more Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:27:05 +0000
Itleft behind it throughout Germany the impression that there were forces ofdisorder at work in the Press and in the Universities which must be crushedat all cost by the firm hand of Government; and it deepened the anxietywith which King Frederick William was already regarding the promises ofliberty which he had made to the Prussian people two years before.Twelve months passed between the Wartburg festival and the beginning of theConferences at Aix-la-Chapelle. In the interval a more important personthan the King of Prussia went over to the side of reaction.

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[280] At the close ofthe Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:40:45 +0000
Up to thesummer of 1818, the Czar appeared to have abated nothing of his zeal forconstitutional government. In the spring of that year, he summoned thePolish Diet; addressed them in a speech so enthusiastic as to alarm notonly the Court of Vienna but all his own counsellors; and stated in theclearest possible language his intention of extending the benefits of arepresentative system to the whole Russian Empire. [280] At the close ofthe brief session he thanked the Polish Deputies for their boldness inthrowing out a measure proposed by himself.

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Alexander's father had died Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 4:53:22 +0000
Alexander's popular rhetoric atWarsaw might perhaps be not incompatible with a settled purpose to permitno encroachment on authority either there or elsewhere; but the change inhis tone was so great when he appeared at Aix-la-Chapelle a few monthsafterwards, that some strange and sudden cause has been thought necessaryto explain it. It is said that during the Czar's residence at Moscow, inJune, 1818, the revelation was made to him of the existence of a mass ofsecret societies in the army, whose aim was the overthrow of his ownGovernment. Alexander's father had died by the hands of murderers: his owntemperament, sanguine and emotional, would make the effects of such adiscovery, in the midst of all his benevolent hopes for Russia, poignant tothe last degree.

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Hearsay, conjecture, gossip, abound; [281] Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:04:37 +0000
It is not inconsistent either with his character or withearlier events in his personal history that the Czar should have yielded toa single shock of feeling, and have changed in a moment from the liberatorto the despot. But the evidence of what passed in his mind is wanting.Hearsay, conjecture, gossip, abound; [281] the one man who could have toldall has left no word.

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At the end of September, 1818 Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:16:22 +0000
This only is certain, that from the close of the year1818, the future, hitherto bright with dreams of peaceful progress, becamein Alexander's view a battle-field between the forces of order and anarchy.The task imposed by Providence on himself and other kings was no longer tospread knowledge and liberty among mankind, but to defend existingauthority, and even authority that was oppressive and un-Christian, againstthe madness that was known as popular right.At the end of September, 1818, the Sovereigns or Ministers of the GreatPowers assembled at Aix-la-Chapelle, and the Conferences began.

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The second question was Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:29:55 +0000
The firstquestion to be decided was whether the Allied Army might safely bewithdrawn from France; the second, in what form the concert of Europeshould hereafter be maintained. On the first question there was nodisagreement: the evacuation of France was resolved upon and promptlyexecuted. The second question was a more difficult one.

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Canning took agloomy but Post Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2008 5:47:22 +0000
Richelieu, onbehalf of King Louis XVIII, represented that France now stood on the samefooting as any other European Power, and proposed that the QuadrupleAlliance of 1815 should be converted into a genuine European federation byadding France to it as a fifth member. The plan had been communicated tothe English Government, and would probably have received its assent but forthe strong opposition raised by Canning within the Cabinet. Canning took agloomy but a true view of the proposed concert of the Powers.

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