People

" Atthe same time the reports Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 20:10:00 +0000
Louis found that these loyal subjects jestedupon his infirmities, called him a dupe in the hands of Jacobins, andgrumbled at him for so long delaying the happy hour when Artois shouldascend the throne. Humorous as Louis was, he was not altogether pleased toread that he "ought either to open his eyes or to close them for ever." Atthe same time the reports of Decazes' local agents proved that theUltra-Royalist party were in reality weak in numbers and unpopularthroughout the greater part of the country.

Autor of the post: Undefined

No word of the Ministerial Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 20:25:25 +0000
The project of a dissolutionwas laid before the Ministers and some of the King's confidants. Though theAmbassadors were not consulted on the measure, it was certain that theywould not resist it. No word of the Ministerial plot reached the rival campof Artois.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The electionswhich followed were favourable Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 20:36:20 +0000
The King gained courage, and on the 5th of September signed theOrdonnance which appealed from the Parliament to the nation, and, to theanger and consternation of the Ultra-Royalists, made an end of theintractable Chamber a few weeks before the time which had been fixed forits re-assembling.France was well rid of a body of men who had been elected at a moment ofdespair, and who would either have prolonged the occupation of the countryby foreign armies, or have plunged the nation into civil war. The electionswhich followed were favourable to the Government.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Though the constituent body Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 20:53:58 +0000
The questions fruitlesslyagitated in the Assembly of 1815 were settled to the satisfaction of thepublic in the new Parliament. An electoral law was passed, which, while itretained the high franchise fixed by the Charta, and the rule of renewingthe Chamber by fifths, gave life and value to the representative system bymaking the elections direct. Though the constituent body of all Francescarcely numbered under this arrangement a hundred thousand persons, it wasextensive enough to contain a majority hostile to the reactionary policy ofthe Church and the noblesse.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The electoral law, however, passed Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:10:55 +0000
The men who had made wealth by banking,commerce, or manufactures, the so-called higher bourgeoisie, greatlyexceeded in number the larger landed proprietors; and although they werenot usually democratic in their opinions, they were liberal, and keenlyattached to the modern as against the old institutions of France, inasmuchas their industrial interests and their own personal importance dependedupon the maintenance of the victory won in 1789 against aristocraticprivilege and monopoly. So strong was the hostility between the civicmiddle class and the landed noblesse, that the Ultra-Royalists in theChamber sought, as they had done in the year before, to extend thefranchise to the peasantry, in the hope of overpowering wealth withnumbers. The electoral law, however, passed both Houses in the form inwhich it had been drawn up by the Government.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Not many of the persons Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:22:37 +0000
Though deemed narrow andoligarchical by the next generation, it was considered, and with justice,as a great victory won by liberalism at the time. The middle class of GreatBritain had to wait for fifteen years before it obtained anything like theweight in the representation given to the middle class of France by the lawof 1817.Not many of the persons who had been imprisoned under the provisional actsof the last year now remained in confinement.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Projectsof repudiation now gained no Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:40:55 +0000
It was considered necessaryto prolong the Laws of Public Security, and they were re-enacted, but undera much softened form. It remained for the new Chamber to restore thefinancial credit of the country by making some equitable arrangement forsecuring the capital and paying the interest of the unfunded debt. Projectsof repudiation now gained no hearing.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The effect of this measure Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:57:17 +0000
Richelieu consented to make an annualallowance to the Church, equivalent to the rental of the Church forests;but the forests themselves were made security for the debt, and the powerof sale was granted to the Government. Pending such repayment of thecapital, the holders of unfunded debt received stock, calculated at itsreal, not at its titular, value. The effect of this measure was at onceevident.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Though Wellington at first offered Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 22:14:44 +0000
The Government was enabled to enter into negotiations for a loan,which promised it the means of paying the indemnities due to the foreignPowers. On this payment depended the possibility of withdrawing the army ofoccupation. Though Wellington at first offered some resistance, thirtythousand men were removed in the spring of 1817; and the Czar allowedRichelieu to hope that, if no further difficulties should arise, thecomplete evacuation of French territory might take place in the followingyear.

Autor of the post: Undefined

A few more monthspassed Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 22:30:13 +0000
Thus the dangers with which reactionary passion had threatened Franceappeared to be passing away. The partial renovation of the Chamber whichtook place in the autumn of 1817 still further strengthened the Ministry ofRichelieu and weakened the Ultra-Royalist opposition. A few more monthspassed, and before the third anniversary of Waterloo, the Czar was ready toadvise the entire withdrawal of foreign armies from France.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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