People

If his overtures wererejected Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 8:50:48 +0000
Wellington's motive for recommendinghim to the King was the indifference or hostility felt by some of theAllies to Louis XVIII personally, which led the Duke to believe that ifLouis did not regain his throne before the arrival of the sovereigns hemight never regain it at all. [239] Fouch頷as the one man who could atthat moment throw open the road to the Tuileries. If his overtures wererejected, he might either permit Carnot to offer some desperate resistanceoutside Paris, or might retire himself with the army and the Assemblybeyond the Loire, and there set up a Republican Government.

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Prussia, which hadsuffered so bitterly Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 9:07:54 +0000
With Fouch頡ndTalleyrand united in office under Louis XVIII, there was no fear either ofa continuance of the war or of the suggestion of a change of dynasty on thepart of any of the Allies. By means of the Duke's independent action LouisXVIII was already in possession when the Czar arrived at Paris, andnothing now prevented the definite conclusion of peace but the disagreementof the Allies themselves as to the terms to be exacted. Prussia, which hadsuffered so bitterly from Napoleon, demanded that Europe should not asecond time deceive itself with the hollow guarantee of a Bourbonrestoration, but should gain a real security for peace by detaching Alsaceand Lorraine, as well as a line of northern fortresses, from the Frenchmonarchy.

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[240] Metternich for Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 9:18:28 +0000
Lord Liverpool, Prime Minister of England, stated it to be theprevailing opinion in this country that France might fairly be stripped ofthe principal conquests made by Louis XIV.; but he added that if Napoleon,who was then at large, should become a prisoner, England would waive apermanent cession of territory, on condition that France should be occupiedby foreign armies until it had, at its own cost, restored thebarrier-fortresses of the Netherlands. [240] Metternich for a while heldmuch the same language as the Prussian Minister: Alexander alone declaredfrom the first against any reduction of the territory of France, andappealed to the declarations of the Powers that the sole object of the warwas the destruction of Napoleon and the maintenance of the orderestablished by the Peace of Paris.

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On the other side, it Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 9:36:54 +0000
The arguments for and against the severance of the border-provinces fromFrance were drawn at great length by diplomatists, but all that wasessential in them was capable of being very briefly put. On the one side,it was urged by Stein and Hardenberg that the restoration of the Bourbonsin 1814 with an undiminished territory had not prevented France fromplacing itself at the end of a few months under the rule of the militarydespot whose life was one series of attacks on his neighbours: that theexpectation of long-continued peace, under whatever dynasty, was a vain oneso long as the French possessed a chain of fortresses enabling them at anymoment to throw large armies into Germany or the Netherlands: and finally,that inasmuch as Germany, and not England or Russia, was exposed to theseirruptions, Germany had the first right to have its interests consulted inproviding for the public security. On the other side, it was argued by theEmperor Alexander, and with far greater force by the Duke of Wellington,[241] that the position of the Bourbons would be absolutely hopeless iftheir restoration, besides being the work of foreign armies, wasaccompanied by the loss of French provinces: that the French nation,although it had submitted to Napoleon, had not as a matter of fact offeredthe resistance to the Allies which it was perfectly capable of offering:and that the danger of any new aggressive or revolutionary movement mightbe effectually averted by keeping part of France occupied by the Alliedforces until the nation had settled down into tranquillity under anefficient government.

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Metternich went with the majority Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 9:47:16 +0000
Notes embodying these arguments were exchangedbetween the Ministers of the great Powers during the months of July andAugust. The British Cabinet, which had at first inclined to the Prussianview, accepted the calm judgment of Wellington, and transferred itself tothe side of the Czar. Metternich went with the majority.

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The resolution of the AlliedGovernments Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 9:57:37 +0000
Hardenberg, thusleft alone, abandoned point after point in his demands, and consented atlast that France should cede little more than the border-strips which hadbeen added by the Peace of 1814 to its frontier of 1791. Chamb鲹 and therest of French Savoy, Landau and Saarlouis on the German side,Philippeville and some other posts on the Belgian frontier, were fixed uponas the territory to be surrendered. The resolution of the AlliedGovernments was made known to Louis XVIII towards the end of September.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The works of art taken Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 10:10:17 +0000
Negotiation on details dragged on for two months more, while France itselfunderwent a change of Ministry; and the definitive Treaty of Peace, knownas the second Treaty of Paris, was not signed until November the 20th.France escaped without substantial loss of territory; it was, however,compelled to pay indemnities amounting in all to about ?40,000,000; toconsent to the occupation of its northern provinces by an Allied force of150,000 men for a period not exceeding five years; and to defray the costof this occupation out of its own revenues. The works of art taken fromother nations, which the Allies had allowed France to retain in 1814, hadalready been restored to their rightful owners.

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Since the terrible events Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 10:27:53 +0000
No act of the conquerors in1815 excited more bitter or more unreasonable complaint.It was in the interval between the entry of the Allies into Paris and thedefinitive conclusion of peace that a treaty was signed which has gained acelebrity in singular contrast with its real insignificance, the Treaty ofHoly Alliance. Since the terrible events of 1812 the Czar's mind had takena strongly religious tinge.

Autor of the post: Undefined

[242] Thisdocument, which resembled Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 10:42:02 +0000
His private life continued loose as before; hisdevotion was both very well satisfied with itself and a prey to mysticismand imposture in others; but, if alloyed with many weaknesses, it was atleast sincere, and, like Alexander's other feelings, it naturally soughtexpression in forms which seemed theatrical to stronger natures. Alexanderhad rendered many public acts of homage to religion in the intervals ofdiplomatic and military success in the year 1814; and after the secondcapture of Paris he drew up a profession of religious and political faith,embodying, as he thought, those high principles by which the Sovereigns ofEurope, delivered from the iniquities of Napoleon, were henceforth tomaintain the reign of peace and righteousness on earth. [242] Thisdocument, which resembled the pledge of a religious brotherhood, formed thedraft of the Treaty of the Holy Alliance.

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What theconfessor may have thought Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 11:00:51 +0000
The engagement, as one binding onthe conscience, was for the consideration of the Sovereigns alone, not oftheir Ministers; and in presenting it to the Emperor Francis and KingFrederick William, the Czar is said to have acted with an air of greatmystery. The King of Prussia, a pious man, signed the treaty inseriousness; the Emperor of Austria, who possessed a matter-of-fact humour,said that if the paper related to doctrines of religion, he must refer itto his confessor, if to secrets of State, to Prince Metternich. What theconfessor may have thought of the Czar's political evangel is not known:the opinion delivered by the Minister was not a sympathetic one.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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