People

But the urgency Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 22:53:00 +0000
[233] Lafayette, strongly condemning the form ofthe Acte Additionnel, stated that the Emperor could only restore publicconfidence by immediately convoking the Chambers. This was exactly whatNapoleon desired to avoid, until he had defeated the English and Prussians;nor in fact had the vote of the nation accepting the new Constitution yetbeen given. But the urgency of the need overcame the Emperor's inclinationsand the forms of law.

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The nation at large had Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 23:08:17 +0000
Lafayette's demand was granted: orders were issuedfor an immediate election, and the meeting of the Chambers fixed for thebeginning of June, a few days earlier than the probable departure of theEmperor to open hostilities on the northern frontier.Lafayette's counsel had been given in sincerity, but Napoleon gained littleby following it. The nation at large had nothing of the faith in theelections which was felt by Lafayette and his friends.

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Among thedeputies chosen there were Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 23:19:29 +0000
In some places not asingle person appeared at the poll: in most, the candidates were elected bya few scores of voters. The Royalists absented themselves on principle: thepopulation generally thought only of the coming war, and let the professedpoliticians conduct the business of the day by themselves. Among thedeputies chosen there were several who had sat in the earlier Assemblies ofthe Revolution; and, mingled with placemen and soldiers of the Empire, aconsiderable body of men whose known object was to reduce Napoleon's power.

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The delay of the Allies Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 23:32:01 +0000
One interest alone was unrepresented-that of the Bourbon family, which solately seemed to have been called to the task of uniting the old and thenew France around itself.Napoleon, troubling himself little about the elections, labouredincessantly at his preparations for war, and by the end of May two hundredthousand men were ready to take the field. The delay of the Allies, thoughnecessary, enabled their adversary to take up the offensive.

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Two acts of State remained Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 23:49:45 +0000
It was theintention of the Emperor to leave a comparatively small force to watch theeastern frontier, and himself, at the head of a hundred and twenty-fivethousand men, to fall upon Wellington and Bl?in the Netherlands, andcrush them before they could unite their forces. With this object thegreater part of the army was gradually massed on the northern roads atpoints between Paris, Lille, and Maubeuge. Two acts of State remained to beperformed by the Emperor before he quitted the capital; the inauguration ofthe new Constitution and the opening of the Chambers of Legislature.

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Deputations from each Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 0:02:28 +0000
Thefirst, which had been fixed for the 26th of May, and announced as a revivalof the old Frankish Champ de Mai, was postponed till the beginning of thefollowing month. On the 1st of June the solemnity was performed withextraordinary pomp and splendour, on that same Champ de Mars where,twenty-five years before, the grandest and most affecting of all thefestivals of the Revolution, the Act of Federation, had been celebrated byKing Louis XVI and his people. Deputations from each of the constituenciesof France, from the army, and from every public body, surrounded theEmperor in a great amphitheatre enclosed at the southern end of the plain:outside there were ranged twenty thousand soldiers of the Guard and otherregiments; and behind them spread the dense crowd of Paris.

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The spectacle was magnificent, but except Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 0:20:23 +0000
When the totalof the votes given in the Pl颩scite had been summed up and declared, theEmperor took the oath to the Constitution, and delivered one of hismasterpieces of political rhetoric. The great officers of State took theoath in their turn: mass was celebrated, and Napoleon, leaving the enclosedspace, then presented their standards to the soldiery in the Champ de Mars,addressing some brief, soul-stirring word to each regiment as it passed.The spectacle was magnificent, but except among the soldiers themselves asense of sadness and disappointment passed over the whole assembly.

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The situation of the forces opposed Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 0:31:13 +0000
Thespeech of the Emperor showed that he was still the despot at heart: theapplause was forced: all was felt to be ridiculous, all unreal. [234]The opening of the Legislative Chambers took place a few days later, and onthe night of the 11th of June Napoleon started for the northern frontier.The situation of the forces opposed to him in this his last campaignstrikingly resembled that which had given him his first Italian victory in1796.

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The Emperor followed the strategy Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 0:46:48 +0000
Then the Austrians and Sardinians, resting on opposite bases, coveredthe approaches to the Sardinian capital, and invited the assailant to breakthrough their centre and drive the two defeated wings along diverging andsevered paths of retreat. Now the English and the Prussians coveredBrussels, the English resting westward on Ostend, the Prussians eastward onCologne, and barely joining hands in the middle of a series of posts nearlyeighty miles long. The Emperor followed the strategy of 1796.

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[235]On the night Post Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2008 0:57:03 +0000
He determinedto enter Belgium by the central road of Charleroi, and to throw his mainforce upon Bl? whose retreat, if once he should be severed from hiscolleague, would carry him eastwards towards Li觥, and place him outsidethe area of hostilities round Brussels. Bl?driven eastwards, Napoleonbelieved that he might not only push the English commander out of Brussels,but possibly, by a movement westwards, intercept him from the sea and cutoff his communication with Great Britain. [235]On the night of the 13th of June, the French army, numbering a hundred andtwenty-nine thousand men, had completed its concentration, and lay gatheredround Beaumont and Philippeville.

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