People

Bavaria had already armed; Piedmont,Hanover Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 10:48:26 +0000
On the 3rd of January, 1815, after a rashthreat of war uttered by Hardenberg, a secret treaty [220] was signed bythe representatives of France, England, and Austria, pledging these Powersto take the field, if necessary, against Russia and Prussia in defence ofthe principles of the Peace of Paris. The plan of the campaign was drawnup, the number of the forces fixed. Bavaria had already armed; Piedmont,Hanover, and even the Ottoman Porte, were named as future members of thealliance.

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His object was ratherto raise Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 11:02:34 +0000
It would perhaps be unfair to the French Minister to believe that heactually desired to kindle a war on this gigantic scale. Talleyrand hadnot, like Napoleon, a love for war for its own sake. His object was ratherto raise France from its position as a conquered and isolated Power; tosurround it with allies; to make the House of Bourbon the representativesof a policy interesting to a great part of Europe; and, having thus undonethe worst results of Napoleon's rule, to trust to some future complicationfor the recovery of Belgium and the frontier of the Rhine.

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The conclusion ofthe secret treaty Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 11:13:16 +0000
Nor wasTalleyrand's German policy adopted solely as the instrument of a passingintrigue. He appears to have had a true sense of the capacity of Prussia totransform Germany into a great military nation; and the policy of alliancewith Austria and protection of the minor States which he pursued in 1814was that which he had advocated throughout his career. The conclusion ofthe secret treaty of January 3rd marked the definite success of his plans.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Alexander had already won Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 11:26:32 +0000
France was forthwith admitted into the council hitherto known as that ofthe Four Courts, and from this time its influence visibly affected theaction of Russia and Prussia, reports of the secret treaty having reachedthe Czar immediately after its signature. [221] The spirit of compromisenow began to animate the Congress. Alexander had already won a virtualdecision in his favour on the Polish question, but he abated something ofhis claims, and while gaining the lion's share of the Duchy of Warsaw, heultimately consented that Cracow, which threatened the Austrian frontier,should be formed into an independent Republic, and that Prussia shouldreceive the fortresses of Dantzic and Thorn on the Vistula, with thedistrict lying between Thorn and the border of Silesia.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Prussia received the remainder Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 11:44:32 +0000
[222] This waslittle for Alexander to abandon; on the Saxon question the allies ofTalleyrand gained most that they demanded. The King of Saxony was restoredto his throne, and permitted to retain Dresden and about half of hisdominions. Prussia received the remainder.

Autor of the post: Undefined

It made Prussia, in defence Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 12:03:01 +0000
In lieu of a further expansionin Saxony, Prussia was awarded territory on the left bank of the Rhine,which, with its recovered Westphalian provinces, restored the monarchy toan area and population equal to that which it had possessed in 1805. Butthe dominion given to Prussia beyond the Rhine, though considered at thetime to be a poor equivalent for the second half of Saxony, was in realitya gift of far greater value. It made Prussia, in defence of its own soil,the guardian and bulwark of Germany against France.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The Polish and Saxon difficulties Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 12:16:17 +0000
It brought an elementinto the life of the State in striking contrast with the aristocratic andProtestant type predominant in the older Prussian provinces,-a Catholicpopulation, liberal in its political opinions, and habituated by twentyyears' union with France to the democratic tendencies of French sociallife. It gave to Prussia something more in common with Bavaria and theSouth, and qualified it, as it had not been qualified before, for itsfuture task of uniting Germany under its own leadership.The Polish and Saxon difficulties, which had threatened the peace ofEurope, were virtually settled before the end of the month of January.

Autor of the post: Undefined

There remainedthe question of Naples Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 12:29:39 +0000
Early in February Lord Castlereagh left Vienna, to give an account of hislabours and to justify his policy before the English House of Commons. Hisplace at the Congress was taken by the Duke of Wellington. There remainedthe question of Naples, the formation of a Federal Constitution forGermany, and several matters of minor political importance, none of whichendangered the good understanding of the Powers.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The news had taken eight Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 12:45:58 +0000
Suddenly the action of theCongress was interrupted by the most startling intelligence. On the nightof March 6th Metternich was roused from sleep to receive a despatchinforming him that Napoleon had quitted Elba. The news had taken eight daysto reach Vienna.

Autor of the post: Undefined

There was at least some Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 12:56:54 +0000
Napoleon had set sail on the 26th of February. In thesilence of his exile he had watched the progress of events in France: hehad convinced himself of the strength of the popular reaction against thepriests and emigrants; and the latest intelligence which he had receivedfrom Vienna led him to believe that the Congress itself was on the point ofbreaking up. There was at least some chance of success in an attempt toregain his throne; and, the decision once formed, Napoleon executed it withcharacteristic audacity and despatch.

Autor of the post: Undefined

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