People

Rasumoffsky and other Russian diplomatists acted Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 5:54:15 +0000
The Czar of Russia, the Kings ofPrussia, Denmark, Bavaria, and W?erg, and nearly all the statesmen ofeminence in Europe, gathered round the Emperor Francis and his Minister,Metternich, to whom by common consent the presidency of the Congress wasoffered. Lord Castlereagh represented England, and Talleyrand France.Rasumoffsky and other Russian diplomatists acted under the immediatedirections of their master, who on some occasions even entered intopersonal correspondence with the Ministers of the other Powers.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Inorder to relieve the antagonisms Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 6:12:54 +0000
Hardenberg stood in a somewhat freer relation to King Frederick William;Stein was present, but without official place. The subordinate envoys andattaches of the greater Courts, added to a host of petty princes and therepresentatives who came from the minor Powers, or from communities whichhad ceased to possess any political existence at all, crowded Vienna. Inorder to relieve the antagonisms which had already come too clearly intoview, Metternich determined to entertain his visitors in the mostmagnificent fashion; and although the Austrian State was bankrupt, and insome districts the people were severely suffering, a sum of about ?10,000a day was for some time devoted to this purpose.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The Government placed the greatAssembly-rooms Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 6:32:20 +0000
The splendour and thegaieties of Metternich were emulated by his guests; and the guardians ofEurope enjoyed or endured for months together a succession banquets, dances, and excursions, varied, through the zeal of Talleyrandto ingratiate himself with his new master, by a Mass of great solemnityon the anniversary of the execution of Louis XVI [211] One incidentlights the faded and insipid record of vanished pageants and defunctgallantries. Beethoven was in Vienna. The Government placed the greatAssembly-rooms at his disposal, and enabled the composer to gratify aharmless humour by sending invitations in his own name to each of theSovereigns and grandees then in Vienna.

Autor of the post: Undefined

By the secret articles Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 6:49:02 +0000
Much personal homage, somesubstantial kindness from these gaudy creatures of the hour, made theperiod of the Congress a bright page in that wayward and afflicted lifewhose poverty has enriched mankind with such immortal gifts.The Congress had need of its distractions, for the difficulties which facedit were so great that, even after the arrival of the Sovereigns, it wasfound necessary to postpone the opening of the regular sittings untilNovember. By the secret articles of the Peace of Paris, the Allies hadreserved to themselves the disposal of all vacant territory, although theirconclusions required to be formally sanctioned by the Congress at large.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The four Courts held Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 7:00:17 +0000
The Ministers of Austria, England, Prussia, and Russia accordinglydetermined at the outset to decide upon all territorial questions amongthemselves, and only after their decisions were completely formed to submitthem to France and the other Powers. [212] Talleyrand, on hearing of thisarrangement, protested that France itself was now one of the Allies, anddemanded that the whole body of European States should at once meet in openCongress. The four Courts held to their determination, and began theirpreliminary sittings without Talleyrand.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Two men had come Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 7:12:24 +0000
But the French statesman had,under the form of a paradox, really stated the true political situation.The greater Powers were so deeply divided in their aims that their old bondof common interest, the interest of union against France, was now lesspowerful than the impulse that made them seek the support of France againstone another. Two men had come to the Congress with a definite aim:Alexander had resolved to gain the Duchy of Warsaw, and to form it, with orwithout some part of Russian Poland, into a Polish kingdom, attached to hisown crown: Talleyrand had determined, either on the question of Poland, oron the question of Saxony, which arose out of it, to break allied Europeinto halves, and to range France by the side of two of the great Powersagainst the two others.

Autor of the post: Undefined

[213] Like many other designs Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 7:28:10 +0000
The course of events favoured for a while thedesign of the Minister: Talleyrand himself prosecuted his plan with anability which, but for the untimely return of Napoleon from Elba, wouldhave left France, without a war, the arbiter and the leading Power ofEurope.Since the Russian victories of 1812, the Emperor Alexander had made nosecret of his intention to restore a Polish Kingdom and a Polishnationality. [213] Like many other designs of this prince, the projectcombined a keen desire for personal glorification with a real generosity offeeling.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Alexander insisted on his anxiety Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 7:45:34 +0000
Alexander was thoroughly sincere in his wish not only to make thePoles again a people, but to give them a Parliament and a freeConstitution. The King of Poland, however, was to be no independent prince,but Alexander himself: although the Duchy of Warsaw, the chief if not thesole component of the proposed new kingdom, had belonged to Austria andPrussia after the last partition of Poland, and extended into the heart ofthe Prussian monarchy. Alexander insisted on his anxiety to atone for thecrime of Catherine in dismembering Poland: the atonement, however, was tobe made at the sole cost of those whom Catherine had allowed to share thebooty.

Autor of the post: Undefined

Stein and Hardenberg, and even Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 7:58:46 +0000
Among the other Governments, the Ministry of Great Britain wouldgladly have seen a Polish State established in a really independent form;[214] failing this, it desired that the Duchy of Warsaw should be divided,as formerly, between Austria and Prussia. Metternich was anxious that thefortress of Cracow, at any rate, should not fall into the hands of theCzar. Stein and Hardenberg, and even Alexander's own Russian counsellors,earnestly opposed the Czar's project, not only on account of the claims ofPrussia on Warsaw, but from dread of the agitation likely to be produced bya Polish Parliament among all Poles outside the new State.

Autor of the post: Undefined

It was known before Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 8:09:51 +0000
King FrederickWilliam, however, was unaccustomed to dispute the wishes of his ally; andthe Czar's offer of Saxony in substitution for Warsaw gave to the PrussianMinisters, who were more in earnest than their master, at least theprospect of receiving a valuable equivalent for what they might surrender.By the Treaty of Kalisch, made when Prussia united its arms with those ofRussia against Napoleon (Feb 27th, 1813), the Czar had undertaken torestore the Prussian monarchy to an extent equal to that which it hadpossessed in 1805. It was known before the opening of the Congress that theCzar proposed to do this by handing over to King Frederick William thewhole of Saxony, whose Sovereign, unlike his colleagues in the RhenishConfederacy, had supported Napoleon up to his final overthrow at Leipzig.

Autor of the post: Undefined

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | 192 | 193 | 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | 200 | 201 | 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | 206 | 207 | 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | 226 | 227 | 228 | 229 | 230 | 231 | 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | 261 | 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | 269 | 270 | 271 | 272 | 273 | 274 | 275 | 276 | 277 | 278 | 279 | 280 | 281 | 282 | 283 | 284 | 285 | 286 | 287 | 288 | 289 | 290 | 291 | 292 | 293 | 294 | 295 | 296 | 297 | 298 | 299 | 300 | 301 | 302 | 303 | 304 | 305 | 306 | 307 | 308 | 309 | 310 | 311 | 312 | 313 | 314 | 315 | 316 | 317 | 318 | 319 | 320 | 321 | 322 | 323 | 324 | 325 | 326 | 327 | 328 | 329 | 330 | 331 | 332 | 333 | 334 | 335 | 336 | 337 | 338 | 339 | 340 | 341 | 342 | 343 | 344 | 345 | 346 | 347 | 348 | 349 | 350 | 351 | 352 | 353 | 354 | 355 | 356 | 357 | 358 | 359 | 360 | 361 | 362 | 363 | 364 | 365 | 366 | 367 | 368 | 369 | 370 | 371 | 372 | 373 | 374 | 375 | 376 | 377 | 378 | 379 | 380 | 381 | 382 | 383 | 384 | 385 | 386 | 387 | 388 | 389 | 390 | 391 | 392 | 393 | 394 | 395 | 396 | 397 | 398 | 399 | 400 | 401 | 402 | 403 | 404 | 405 | 406 | 407 | 408 | 409 | 410 | 411 | 412 | 413 | 414 | 415 | 416 | 417 | 418 | 419 | 420 | 421 | 422 | 423 | 424 | 425 | 426 | 427 | 428 | 429 | 430 | 431 | 432 | 433 | 434 | 435 | 436 | 437 | 438 | 439 | 440 | 441 | 442 | 443 | 444 | 445 | 446 | 447 | 448 | 449 | 450 | 451 | 452 | 453 | 454 | 455 | 456 | 457 | 458 | 459 | 460 | 461 | 462 | 463 | 464 | 465 | 466 | 467 | 468 | 469 | 470 | 471 | 472 | 473 | 474 | 475 | 476 | 477 | 478 | 479 | 480 | 481 | 482 | 483 | 484 | 485 | 486 | 487 | 488 | 489 | 490 | 491 | 492 | 493 | 494 | 495 | 496 | 497 | 498 | 499 | 500 | 501 | 502 | 503 | 504 | 505 | 506 | 507 | 508 | 509 | 510 | 511 | 512 | 513 | 514 | 515 | 516 | 517 | 518 | 519 | 520 | 521 | 522 | 523 | 524 | 525 | 526 | 527 | 528 | 529 | 530 | 531 | 532 | 533 | 534 | 535 | 536 | 537 | 538 | 539 | 540 | 541 | 542 | 543 | 544 | 545 | 546 | 547 | 548 | 549 | 550 | 551 | 552 | 553 | 554 | 555 | 556 | 557 | 558 | 559 | 560 | 561 | 562 | 563 | 564 | 565 | 566 | 567 | 568 | 569 | 570 | 571 | 572 | 573 | 574 | 575 | 576 | 577 | 578 | 579 | 580 | 581 | 582 | 583 | 584 | 585 | 586 | 587 | 588 | 589 | 590 | 591 | 592 | 593 | 594 | 595 | 596 | 597 | 598 | 599 | 600 | 601 | 602 | 603 | 604 | 605 | 606 | 607 | 608 | 609 | 610 | 611 | 612 | 613 | 614 | 615 | 616 | 617 | 618 | 619 | 620 | 621 | 622 | 623 | 624 | 625 | 626 | 627 | 628 | 629 | 630 | 631 | 632 | 633 | 634 | 635 | 636 | 637 | 638 | 639 | 640 | 641 | 642 | 643 | 644 | 645 | 646 | 647 | 648 | 649 | 650 | 651 | 652 | 653 | 654 | 655 | 656 | 657 | 658 | 659 | 660 | 661 | 662 | 663 | 664 | 665 | 666 | 667 | 668 | 669 | 670 | 671 | 672 | 673 | 674 | 675 | 676 | 677 | 678 | 679 | 680 | 681 | 682 | 683 | 684 | 685 | 686 | 687 | 688 | 689 | 690 | 691 | 692 | 693 | 694 | 695 | 696 | 697 | 698 | 699 | 700 | 701 | 702 | 703 | 704 | 705 | 706 | 707 | 708 | 709 | 710 | 711 | 712 | 713 | 714 | 715 | 716 | 717 | 718 | 719 | 720 | 721 | 722 | 723 | 724 | 725 | 726 | 727 | 728 | 729 | 730 | 731 | 732 | 733 | 734 | 735 | 736 | 737 | 738 | 739 | 740 | 741 | 742 | 743 | 744 | 745 | 746 | 747 | 748 | 749 | 750 | 751 | 752 | 753 | 754 | 755 | 756 | 757 | 758 | 759 | 760 | 761 | 762 | 763 | 764 | 765 | 766 | 767 | 768 | 769 | 770 | 771 | 772 | 773 | 774 | 775 | 776 | 777 | 778 | 779 | 780 | 781 | 782 | 783 | 784 | 785 | 786 | 787 | 788 | 789 | 790 | 791 | 792 | 793 | 794 | 795 | 796 | 797 | 798 | 799 | 800 | 801 | 802 | 803 | 804 | 805 | 806 | 807 | 808 | 809 | 810 | 811 | 812 | 813 | 814 | 815 | 816 | 817 | 818 | 819 | 820 | 821 | 822 | 823 | 824 | 825 | 826 | 827 | 828 | 829 | 830 | 831 | 832 | 833 | 834 | 835 | 836 | 837 | 838 | 839 | 840 | 841 | 842 | 843 | 844 | 845 | 846 | 847 | 848 | 849 | 850 | 851 | 852 | 853 | 854 | 855 | 856 | 857 | 858 | 859 | 860 | 861 | 862 | 863 | 864 | 865 | 866 | 867 | 868 | 869 | 870 | 871 | 872 | 873 | 874 | 875 | 876 | 877 | 878 | 879 | 880 | 881 | 882 | 883 | 884 | 885 | 886 | 887 | 888 | 889 | 890 | 891 | 892 | 893 | 894 | 895 | 896 | 897 | 898 | 899 | 900 | 901 | 902 | 903 | 904 | 905 | 906 | 907 | 908 | 909 | 910 | 911 | 912 | 913 | 914 | 915 | 916 | 917 | 918 | 919 | 920 | 921 | 922 | 923 | 924 | 925 | 926 | 927 | 928 | 929 | 930 | 931 | 932 | 933 | 934 | 935 | 936 | 937 | 938 | 939 | 940 | 941 | 942 | 943 | 944 | 945 | 946 | 947 | 948 | 949 | 950 | 951 | 952 | 953 | 954 | 955 | 956 | 957 | 958 | 959 | 960 | 961 | 962 | 963 | 964 | 965 | 966 | 967 | 968 | 969 | 970 | 971 | 972 | 973 | 974 | 975 | 976 | 977 | 978 | 979 | 980 | 981 | 982 | 983 | 984 | 985 | 986 | 987 | 988 | 989 | 990 | 991 | 992 | 993 | 994 | 995 | 996 | 997 | 998 | 999 | 1000

mail to: pirton@mail.ru