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New Russian divisions had reached Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 9:33:36 +0000
The strength of the Prussian and Russianarmies was now enormously different from what it had been at L?andBautzen. The Prussian Landwehr, then a weaponless and ill-clad militiadrilling in the villages, was now fully armed, and in great part at thefront. New Russian divisions had reached Silesia.

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The allied troops operating againstNapoleon Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 9:45:28 +0000
Austria took the fieldwith a force as numerous as that which had checked Napoleon in 1809. At theclose of the armistice, 350,000 men actually faced the French positionsupon the Elbe; 300,000 more were on the march, or watching the Germanfortresses and the frontier of Italy. The allied troops operating againstNapoleon were divided into three armies.

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The Austrians remained undivided, andformed Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 10:00:17 +0000
In the north, between Wittenbergand Berlin, Bernadotte commanded 60,000 Russians and Prussians, in additionto his own Swedish contingent. Bl?was placed at the head of 100,000Russians and Prussians in Silesia. The Austrians remained undivided, andformed, together with some Russian and Prussian divisions, the great armyof Bohemia, 200,000 strong, under the command of Schwarzenberg.

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The three armies, now forming Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 10:11:44 +0000
The plan ofthe campaign had been agreed upon by the Allies soon after the Treaty ofReichenbach had been made with Austria. It was a sound, though not a daringone.The three armies, now forming an arc from Wittenberg to the north ofBohemia, were to converge upon the line of Napoleon's communications behindDresden; if separately attacked, their generals were to avoid all hazardousengagements, and to manoeuvre so as to weary the enemy and preserve theirown general relations, as far as possible, unchanged.

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His own design was Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 10:29:00 +0000
Bl? as the mostexposed, was expected to content himself the longest with the defensive;the great army of Bohemia, after securing the mountain-passes betweenBohemia and Saxony, might safely turn Napoleon's position at Dresden, andso draw the two weaker armies towards it for one vast and combinedengagement in the plain of Leipzig.In outline, the plan of the Allies was that which Napoleon expected them toadopt. His own design was to anticipate it by an offensive of extraordinarysuddenness and effect.

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The effect of this blow Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 10:43:34 +0000
Hostilities could not begin before the morning ofthe 18th of August; by the 21st or the 22nd, Napoleon calculated that heshould have captured Berlin. Oudinot, who was at Wittenberg with 80,000men, had received orders to advance upon the Prussian capital at the momentthat the armistice expired, and to force it, if necessary by bombardment,into immediate surrender. The effect of this blow, as Napoleon supposed,would be to disperse the entire reserve-force of the Prussian monarchy, andparalyse the action of its army in the field.

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All the daring imagination ofNapoleon's Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:03:31 +0000
While Oudinot marched onBerlin, Bl?was to be attacked in Silesia, and prevented from renderingany assistance either on the north or on the south. The mass of Napoleon'sforces, centred at Dresden, and keeping watch upon the movements of thearmy of Bohemia, would either fight a great battle, or, if the Allies madea false movement, march straight upon Prague, the centre of Austria'ssupplies, and reach it before the enemy. All the daring imagination ofNapoleon's earlier campaigns displayed itself in such a project, which, ifsuccessful, would have terminated the war within ten days; but thisimagination was no longer, as in those earlier campaigns, identical withinsight into real possibilities.

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But no experience could alter Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:22:34 +0000
The success of Napoleon's plan involvedthe surprise or total defeat of Bernadotte before Berlin, the disablementof Bl? and a victory, or a strategical success equivalent to avictory, over the vast army of the south. It demanded of a soldiery,inferior to the enemy in numerical strength, the personal superiority whichhad belonged to the men of Jena and Austerlitz, when in fact the Frenchregiments of conscripts had ceased to be a match for equal numbers of theenemy. But no experience could alter Napoleon's fixed belief in the fatuityof all warfare except his own.

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Nevertheless, the utmost thatNapoleon would Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:40:41 +0000
After the havoc of Borodino, after the evenstruggles of L?and Bautzen, he still reasoned as if he had before himthe armies of Brunswick and Mack. His plan assumed the certainty of successin each of its parts; for the failure of a single operation hazarded allthe rest, by requiring the transfer of reinforcements from armies alreadytoo weak for the tasks assigned to them. Nevertheless, the utmost thatNapoleon would acknowledge was that the execution of his design neededenergy.

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On the 18th of August Post Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2008 11:59:41 +0000
He still underrated the force which Austria had brought into thefield against him. Though ignorant of the real position and strength of thearmy in Bohemia, and compelled to wait for the enemy's movements beforestriking on this side, he already in imagination saw the war decided by thefall of the Prussian capital.On the 18th of August the forward movement began.

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