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On these terms Metternichwas not Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:25:57 +0000
Nor was the Austrian contingent to be treated, like thePrussian, as a mere French army-corps. Its operations were to be separatefrom those of the French, and its command was to be held by an Austriangeneral, subordinate only to Napoleon himself. On these terms Metternichwas not unwilling to enter the campaign.

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The Prussian corps, watched Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:40:29 +0000
He satisfied his scruples byinventing a strange diplomatic form in which Austria was still described asa neutral, although she took part in the war, [171] and felt as littlecompunction in uniting with France as in explaining to the Courts of StPetersburg and Berlin that the union was a hypocritical one. The Sovereignwho was about to be attacked by Napoleon, and the Sovereigns who sent theirtroops to Napoleon's support, perfectly well understood one another'sposition. The Prussian corps, watched and outnumbered by the French, mighthave to fight the Russians because they could not help it; the Austrians,directed by their own commander, would do no serious harm to the Russiansso long as the Russians did no harm to them.

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During the next three monthsall Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:54:55 +0000
Should the Czar succeed ingiving a good account of his adversary, he would have no difficulty incoming to a settlement with his adversary's forced allies.The Treaties which gave to Napoleon the hollow support of Austria andPrussia were signed early in the year 1812. During the next three monthsall Northern Germany was covered with enormous masses of troops andwaggon-trains, on their way from the Rhine to the Vistula.

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Sucha method could not, however Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 0:09:37 +0000
No expeditionhad ever been organised on anything approaching to the scale of theinvasion of Russia. In all the wars of the French since 1793 the enemy'scountry had furnished their armies with supplies, and the generals hadtrusted to their own exertions for everything but guns and ammunition. Sucha method could not, however, be followed in an invasion of Russia.

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No mercy was shown Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 0:22:37 +0000
Thecountry beyond the Niemen was no well-stocked garden, like Lombardy orBavaria. Provisions for a mass of 450,000 men, with all the means oftransport for carrying them far into Russia, had to be collected at Dantzigand the fortresses of the Vistula. No mercy was shown to the unfortunatecountries whose position now made them Napoleon's harvest-field andstorehouse.

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[172]At length the vast stores Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 0:42:33 +0000
Prussia was forced to supplement its military assistance withcolossal grants of supplies. The whole of Napoleon's troops upon the marchthrough Germany lived at the expense of the towns and villages throughwhich they passed; in Westphalia such was the ruin caused by militaryrequisitions that King Jerome wrote to Napoleon, warning him to fear thedespair of men who had nothing more to lose. [172]At length the vast stores were collected, and the invading army reached theVistula.

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The Polish and East Prussian Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 0:54:20 +0000
Napoleon himself quitted Paris on the 9th of May, and received thehomage of the Austrian and Prussian Sovereigns at Dresden. The eastwardmovement of the army continued. The Polish and East Prussian districtswhich had been the scene of the combats of 1807 were again traversed byFrench columns.

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Ofthese, 380,000 formed the central Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 1:05:09 +0000
On the 23rd of June the order was given to cross the Niemenand enter Russian territory. Out of 600,000 troops whom Napoleon hadorganised for this campaign, 450,000 were actually upon the frontier. Ofthese, 380,000 formed the central army, under Napoleon's own command, atKowno, on the Niemen; to the north, at Tilsit, there was formed a corps of32,000, which included the contingent furnished by Prussia; the Austrians,under Schwarzenburg, with a small French division, lay to the south, on theborders of Galicia.

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The First, or Northern Army Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 1:19:56 +0000
Against the main army of Napoleon, the real invadingforce, the Russians could only bring up 150,000 men. These were formed intothe First and Second Armies of the West. The First, or Northern Army, withwhich the Czar himself was present, numbered about 100,000, under thecommand of Barclay de Tolly; the Second Army, half that strength, was ledby Prince Bagration.

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Theprincipal reinforcements which they had Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 1:31:55 +0000
In Southern Poland and on the Lower Niemen the Frenchauxiliary corps were faced by weak divisions. In all, the Russians had only220,000 men to oppose to more than double that number of the enemy. Theprincipal reinforcements which they had to expect were from the armieshitherto engaged with the Turks upon the Danube.

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