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But in March, 1811, reinforcementsarrived Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 13:27:08 +0000
Massena halted and took post at Santarem, onthe Tagus. Here, and in the neighbouring valley of the Zezere, hemaintained himself during the winter. But in March, 1811, reinforcementsarrived from England: Wellington moved forward against his enemy, and theretreat of the French began in real earnest.

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Other French armies, in spite Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 13:40:06 +0000
Massena made his waynorthwards, hard pressed by the English, and devastating the country withmerciless severity in order to retard pursuit. Fire and ruin marked thetrack of the retreating army; but such were the sufferings of the Frenchthemselves, both during the invasion and the retreat, that when Massenare-entered Spain, after a campaign in which only one pitched battle hadbeen fought, his loss exceeded 30,000 men.Other French armies, in spite of a most destructive guerilla warfare, werein the meantime completing the conquest of the south and the east of Spain.

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Leaving Victor in command Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 13:52:39 +0000
Soult captured Seville, and began to lay siege to Cadiz. Here, at the endof 1810, an order reached him from Napoleon to move to the support ofMassena. Leaving Victor in command at Cadiz, Soult marched northwards,routed the Spaniards, and conquered the fortress of Badajoz, commanding thesouthern road into Portugal.

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Wellington, thusfreed from danger Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:05:46 +0000
Massena, however, was already in retreat, andSoult's own advance was cut short by intelligence that Graham, the Englishgeneral in Cadiz, had broken out upon the besiegers and inflicted a heavydefeat. Soult returned to Cadiz and resumed the blockade. Wellington, thusfreed from danger of attack from the south, and believing Massena to bethoroughly disabled, considered that the time had come for a forwardmovement into Spain.

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But before theEnglish commander had Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:25:24 +0000
It was necessary for him to capture the fortresses ofAlmeida and Ciudad Rodrigo on the northern road, and to secure his owncommunications with Portugal by wresting back Badajoz from the French. Heleft a small force to besiege Almeida, and moved to Elvas to makearrangements with Beresford for the siege of Badajoz. But before theEnglish commander had deemed it possible, the energy of Massena hadrestored his troops to efficiency; and the two armies of Massena and Soultwere now ready to assail the English on the north and the south.

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The French were defeated;Almeida passed Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:42:16 +0000
Massenamarched against the corps investing Almeida. Wellington hastened back tomeet him, and fought a battle at Fuentes d'Onoro. The French were defeated;Almeida passed into the hands of the English.

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Again outnumbered by the French Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:55:35 +0000
In the south, Soult advancedto the relief of Badajoz. He was overthrown by Beresford in the bloodyengagement of Albuera (May 16th); but his junction with the army of thenorth, which was now transferred from Massena to Marmont, forced theEnglish to raise the siege; and Wellington, after audaciously offeringbattle to the combined French armies, retired within the Portuguesefrontier, and marched northwards with the design of laying siege to CiudadRodrigo. Again outnumbered by the French, he was compelled to retire tocantonments on the Coa.

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Wellington moved against Ciudad Rodrigo,and Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:12:19 +0000
Throughout the autumn months, which were spent in forced inaction,Wellington held patiently to his belief that the French would be unable tokeep their armies long united, on account of the scarcity of food. Hiscalculations were correct, and at the close of the year 1811 the Englishwere again superior in the field. Wellington moved against Ciudad Rodrigo,and took it by storm on the 19th of January, 1812.

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It was necessary to gainpossession Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:26:54 +0000
The road into Spain wasopened; it only remained to secure Portugal itself by the capture ofBadajoz. Wellington crossed the Tagus on the 8th of March, and completedthe investment of Badajoz ten days later. It was necessary to gainpossession of the city, at whatever cost, before Soult could advance to itsrelief.

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But the purpose of Wellington Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:39:58 +0000
On the night of the 6th of April Wellington gave orders for theassault. The fury of the attack, the ferocity of the English soldiers inthe moment of their victory, have made the storm of Badajoz conspicuousamongst the most terrible events of war. But the purpose of Wellington waseffected; the base of the English army in Portugal was secured from allpossibility of attack; and at the moment when Napoleon was summoning hisveteran regiments from beyond the Pyrenees for the invasion of Russia, theEnglish commander, master of the frontier fortresses of Spain, waspreparing to overwhelm the weakened armies in the Peninsula, and to drivethe French from Madrid.

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