People

During the next ten days Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 1:10:27 +0000
Insteadof pushing forward to Antwerp with all possible haste, and surprising itbefore any preparations could be made for its defence, Lord Chatham placedhalf his army on the banks of various canals, and with the other halfproceeded to invest Flushing. On the 16th of August this unfortunate townsurrendered, after a bombardment that had reduced it to a mass of ruins.During the next ten days the English commander advanced about as manymiles, and then discovered that for all prospect of taking Antwerp he mightas well have remained in England.

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At the endof August Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 1:28:54 +0000
Whilst Chatham was groping about inWalcheren, the fortifications of Antwerp were restored, the fleet carriedup the river, and a mass of troops collected sufficient to defend the townagainst a regular siege. Defeat stared the English in the face. At the endof August the general recommended the Government to recall the expedition,only leaving a force of 15,000 soldiers to occupy the marshes of Walcheren.

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Great Britain had failed to weaken Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 1:44:55 +0000
Chatham's recommendations were accepted; and on a spot so notoriouslypestiferous that Napoleon had refused to permit a single French soldier toserve there on garrison duty, [162] an English army-corps, which might atleast have earned the same honour as Schill and Brunswick in NorthernGermany, was left to perish of fever and ague. When two thousand soldierswere in their graves, the rest were recalled to England.Great Britain had failed to weaken or to alarm Napoleon; the King ofPrussia made no movement on behalf of the losing cause; and the AustrianGovernment unwillingly found itself compelled to accept conditions ofpeace.

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"Ifwe had a million soldiers," Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 1:59:54 +0000
It was not so much a deficiency in its forces as the universaldistrust of its generals that made it impossible for Austria to continuethe war. The soldiers had fought as bravely as the French, but in vain. "Ifwe had a million soldiers," it was said, "we must make peace; for we haveno one to command them.

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Atlength Napoleon's demands were presented Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 2:19:31 +0000
" Count Stadion, who was for carrying on the war tothe bitter end, despaired of throwing his own energetic courage into themen who surrounded the Emperor, and withdrew from public affairs. For weekafter week the Emperor fluctuated between the acceptance of Napoleon's hardconditions and the renewal of a struggle which was likely to involve hisown dethronement as well as the total conquest of the Austrian State. Atlength Napoleon's demands were presented in the form of an ultimatum.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The Emperorsent one Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 2:37:43 +0000
Inhis distress the Emperor's thoughts turned towards the Minister who, eightyears before, had been so strong, so resolute, when all around him wavered.Thugut, now seventy-six years old, was living in retirement. The Emperorsent one of his generals to ask his opinion on peace or war.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The existence of the Austrian Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 2:56:57 +0000
"I thought tofind him," reported the general, "broken in mind and body; but the fire ofhis spirit is in its full force." Thugut's reply did honour to hisforesight: "Make peace at any price. The existence of the Austrian monarchyis at stake: the dissolution of the French Empire is not far off.

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Salzburg, with part of Upper Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:07:10 +0000
" On the14th of October the Emperor Francis accepted his conqueror's terms, andsigned conditions of peace. [163]The Treaty of Vienna, the last which Napoleon signed as a conqueror, tookfrom the Austrian Empire 50,000 square miles of territory and more than4,000,000 inhabitants. Salzburg, with part of Upper Austria, was ceded toBavaria; Western Galicia, the territory gained by Austria in the finalpartition of Poland, was transferred to the Grand-Duchy of Warsaw; part ofCarinthia, with the whole of the country lying between the Adriatic and theSave as far as the frontier of Bosnia, was annexed to Napoleon's ownEmpire, under the title of the Illyrian Provinces.

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Yet, however striking the changeof Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:18:45 +0000
Austria was cut off fromthe sea, and the dominion of Napoleon extended without a break to theborders of Turkey. Bavaria and Saxony, the outposts of French sovereigntyin Central Europe, were enriched at the expense of the Power which hadcalled Germany to arms; Austria, which at the beginning of theRevolutionary War had owned territory upon the Rhine and exercised apredominating influence over all Italy, seemed now to be finally excludedboth from Germany and the Mediterranean. Yet, however striking the changeof frontier which gave to Napoleon continuous dominion from the Straits ofCalais to the border of Bosnia, the victories of France in 1809 brought intheir train none of those great moral changes which had hitherto made eachFrench conquest a stage in European progress.

Autor of the post: Undefined

The revolt of theTyrol Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:37:32 +0000
The campaign of 1796 hadaroused the hope of national independence in Italy; the settlements of 1801and 1806 had put an end to Feudalism in Western Germany; the victories of1809 originated nothing but a change of frontier such as the next war mightobliterate and undo. All that was permanent in the effects of the year 1809was due, not to any new creations of Napoleon, but to the spirit ofresistance which France had at length excited in Europe. The revolt of theTyrol, the exploits of Brunswick and Schill, gave a stimulus to Germanpatriotism which survived the defeat of Austria.

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